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Workforce Data Center

From wages to employment statistics, across states and nationwide, find the latest data on the direct care workforce.

We provide customized, up-to-date snapshots on this quickly-growing workforce.

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You can select one or more states by using the map below, or by using the State drop-down menu.

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Direct Care Worker Employment, 2014 to 2023

AreaOccupation2014201520162017201820192020202120222023Growth% Growth
AlabamaHome Health and Personal Care Aides15,59016,56018,29018,63019,18019,44020,30019,77020,21019,9104,32028%
Nursing Assistants21,87022,74022,80023,28022,59022,75021,47019,61019,74022,4305603%
All Direct Care Workers37,46039,30041,09041,91041,77042,19041,77039,38039,95042,3404,88013%
AlaskaHome Health and Personal Care Aides7,1006,6006,2706,5106,3806,9106,4806,4106,3105,660-1,440-20%
Nursing Assistants1,7501,7701,7201,8501,8201,7301,8001,7601,7701,710-40-2%
All Direct Care Workers8,8508,3707,9908,3608,2008,6408,2808,1708,0807,370-1,480-17%
ArizonaHome Health and Personal Care Aides44,21048,60051,60052,54065,18066,89069,06066,75063,39064,69020,48046%
Nursing Assistants14,87013,53013,62014,30014,75014,45015,83017,84016,69015,4906204%
All Direct Care Workers59,08062,13065,22066,84079,93081,34084,89084,59080,08080,18021,10036%
ArkansasHome Health and Personal Care Aides21,90021,88022,23022,52021,62021,08020,17017,29018,39017,320-4,580-21%
Nursing Assistants18,06017,95017,52018,04018,06017,39018,56017,62016,35017,650-410-2%
All Direct Care Workers39,96039,83039,75040,56039,68038,47038,73034,91034,74034,970-4,990-12%
CaliforniaHome Health and Personal Care Aides136,800155,940170,220545,840582,910595,760597,500717,220773,350796,890660,090483%
Nursing Assistants99,09098,04099,14098,57099,440100,19097,97094,45099,930105,7506,6607%
All Direct Care Workers235,890253,980269,360644,410682,350695,950695,470811,670873,280902,640666,750283%
ColoradoHome Health and Personal Care Aides32,23033,29036,87033,54036,82035,79036,61039,99035,91041,1908,96028%
Nursing Assistants18,23018,94019,23020,54021,07021,97021,31020,66020,71020,8202,59014%
All Direct Care Workers50,46052,23056,10054,08057,89057,76057,92060,65056,62062,01011,55023%
ConnecticutHome Health and Personal Care Aides27,35028,65030,41032,25033,53034,61034,06038,04041,23042,28014,93055%
Nursing Assistants21,67021,75021,18021,71022,15021,60021,37019,47019,39019,460-2,210-10%
All Direct Care Workers49,02050,40051,59053,96055,68056,21055,43057,51060,62061,74012,72026%
DelawareHome Health and Personal Care Aides3,8605,1905,5706,9806,5506,7108,0408,2709,0309,1005,240136%
Nursing Assistants5,5205,1405,2704,8304,8505,0304,9304,4704,3105,7702505%
All Direct Care Workers9,38010,33010,84011,81011,40011,74012,97012,74013,34014,8705,49059%
District of ColumbiaHome Health and Personal Care Aides7,4309,81010,17011,35011,15011,36011,33010,91011,03010,7303,30044%
Nursing Assistants3,4203,3202,9703,1603,5003,4603,2903,1402,9502,820-600-18%
All Direct Care Workers10,85013,13013,14014,51014,65014,82014,62014,05013,98013,5502,70025%
FloridaHome Health and Personal Care Aides28,85048,97050,58060,18069,77076,04072,68066,92069,05079,19050,340174%
Nursing Assistants86,28088,11090,89092,19089,86087,84084,52083,01089,11089,6003,3204%
All Direct Care Workers115,130137,080141,470152,370159,630163,880157,200149,930158,160168,79053,66047%
GeorgiaHome Health and Personal Care Aides21,93025,67030,66034,94041,41041,15042,05036,23034,65040,47018,54085%
Nursing Assistants36,35034,75036,65036,27036,78033,42033,52037,12040,23040,9804,63013%
All Direct Care Workers58,28060,42067,31071,21078,19074,57075,57073,35074,88081,45023,17040%
HawaiiHome Health and Personal Care Aides6,6208,0808,1409,0909,5708,6509,0206,6006,7706,9503305%
Nursing Assistants5,0905,1105,5005,0804,8004,0004,0505,2604,8503,930-1,160-23%
All Direct Care Workers11,71013,19013,64014,17014,37012,65013,07011,86011,62010,880-830-7%
IdahoHome Health and Personal Care Aides10,63011,36012,88014,45015,33016,27017,53017,63018,32017,2906,66063%
Nursing Assistants7,1607,0306,8207,4707,3007,2106,6006,8506,5406,760-400-6%
All Direct Care Workers17,79018,39019,70021,92022,63023,48024,13024,48024,86024,0506,26035%
IllinoisHome Health and Personal Care Aides73,53081,16081,88083,88084,96089,04091,130102,810101,430106,71033,18045%
Nursing Assistants61,32059,55060,09061,39061,14060,37056,33056,05055,40062,4201,1002%
All Direct Care Workers134,850140,710141,970145,270146,100149,410147,460158,860156,830169,13034,28025%
IndianaHome Health and Personal Care Aides36,92040,33040,81041,08042,08042,64040,28038,12039,60044,3907,47020%
Nursing Assistants31,55030,15030,91031,52030,22030,89030,12031,55029,20029,800-1,750-6%
All Direct Care Workers68,47070,48071,72072,60072,30073,53070,40069,67068,80074,1905,7208%
IowaHome Health and Personal Care Aides19,66020,05021,86022,16022,46021,83021,89023,55023,01023,4103,75019%
Nursing Assistants23,59023,13021,46020,74020,89022,45022,52022,07020,88020,160-3,430-15%
All Direct Care Workers43,25043,18043,32042,90043,35044,28044,41045,62043,89043,5703201%
KansasHome Health and Personal Care Aides24,23022,75021,60023,74023,77025,11024,25023,45025,94025,8301,6007%
Nursing Assistants20,88021,89023,31022,59022,29021,84021,79021,75021,31022,2901,4107%
All Direct Care Workers45,11044,64044,91046,33046,06046,95046,04045,20047,25048,1203,0107%
KentuckyHome Health and Personal Care Aides12,86015,13017,28018,96019,37022,66023,63021,18023,17025,70012,840100%
Nursing Assistants24,07023,10023,93023,88024,06022,28020,31021,19019,00019,910-4,160-17%
All Direct Care Workers36,93038,23041,21042,84043,43044,94043,94042,37042,17045,6108,68024%
LouisianaHome Health and Personal Care Aides41,47041,33041,72042,04042,53038,58036,02035,52034,87039,120-2,350-6%
Nursing Assistants22,99023,95021,45020,55020,69021,50021,03019,01017,68017,740-5,250-23%
All Direct Care Workers64,46065,28063,17062,59063,22060,08057,05054,53052,55056,860-7,600-12%
MaineHome Health and Personal Care Aides14,12015,58016,23016,89016,63016,96016,51015,89016,05017,1603,04022%
Nursing Assistants9,2608,3309,0509,0709,5809,0209,1408,4607,7307,550-1,710-18%
All Direct Care Workers23,38023,91025,28025,96026,21025,98025,65024,35023,78024,7101,3306%
MarylandHome Health and Personal Care Aides24,67024,85026,07027,88031,02031,78032,69028,13024,96031,1406,47026%
Nursing Assistants26,52028,27029,18028,25027,98028,99027,43027,18026,24024,810-1,710-6%
All Direct Care Workers51,19053,12055,25056,13059,00060,77060,12055,31051,20055,9504,7609%
MassachusettsHome Health and Personal Care Aides47,88054,54069,21099,660102,070108,670109,350107,900106,190113,73065,850138%
Nursing Assistants40,74039,99038,59038,37039,10039,90040,55038,97037,73036,790-3,950-10%
All Direct Care Workers88,62094,530107,800138,030141,170148,570149,900146,870143,920150,52061,90070%
MichiganHome Health and Personal Care Aides61,67065,46068,29066,05066,32068,86068,51079,17082,23083,45021,78035%
Nursing Assistants48,80049,78048,57050,07049,76051,27048,61041,20041,05038,360-10,440-21%
All Direct Care Workers110,470115,240116,860116,120116,080120,130117,120120,370123,280121,81011,34010%
MinnesotaHome Health and Personal Care Aides90,61093,29092,62096,61098,210103,830102,490108,890106,640112,01021,40024%
Nursing Assistants29,32031,57031,05031,58031,64030,35028,26025,44024,86026,910-2,410-8%
All Direct Care Workers119,930124,860123,670128,190129,850134,180130,750134,330131,500138,92018,99016%
MississippiHome Health and Personal Care Aides11,95015,04015,10013,23013,17017,96018,57020,59016,23017,3105,36045%
Nursing Assistants15,14013,75013,88012,85013,85013,60013,01011,20010,44011,610-3,530-23%
All Direct Care Workers27,09028,79028,98026,08027,02031,56031,58031,79026,67028,9201,8307%
MissouriHome Health and Personal Care Aides40,30047,32052,94069,70072,04071,07073,51070,93079,84083,51043,210107%
Nursing Assistants42,32040,63039,46040,19038,56036,24034,88033,20028,54029,340-12,980-31%
All Direct Care Workers82,62087,95092,400109,890110,600107,310108,390104,130108,380112,85030,23037%
MontanaHome Health and Personal Care Aides5,4505,6706,0806,4706,6806,7107,8508,6808,3008,0702,62048%
Nursing Assistants5,5705,9705,5606,1705,7605,7205,1104,4204,9904,500-1,070-19%
All Direct Care Workers11,02011,64011,64012,64012,44012,43012,96013,10013,29012,5701,55014%
NebraskaHome Health and Personal Care Aides7,3207,7508,66010,64010,68013,09011,89011,0109,73010,2802,96040%
Nursing Assistants12,89013,02013,64014,54014,58013,72013,39014,16015,12016,5303,64028%
All Direct Care Workers20,21020,77022,30025,18025,26026,81025,28025,17024,85026,8106,60033%
NevadaHome Health and Personal Care Aides10,75011,72012,45013,10014,59014,76014,99013,47014,29014,5303,78035%
Nursing Assistants5,0705,4405,8306,5506,6607,2207,0308,1507,4807,7302,66052%
All Direct Care Workers15,82017,16018,28019,65021,25021,98022,02021,62021,77022,2606,44041%
New HampshireHome Health and Personal Care Aides6,9907,2908,6908,9909,1508,2607,4407,9907,8507,92093013%
Nursing Assistants8,5008,6208,9708,2707,9808,1407,6007,0607,2507,710-790-9%
All Direct Care Workers15,49015,91017,66017,26017,13016,40015,04015,05015,10015,6301401%
New JerseyHome Health and Personal Care Aides43,00035,25048,97053,57055,51057,06056,63072,62089,210100,86057,860135%
Nursing Assistants51,71052,81053,64056,66056,50053,98044,56035,09034,58031,610-20,100-39%
All Direct Care Workers94,71088,060102,610110,230112,010111,040101,190107,710123,790132,47037,76040%
New MexicoHome Health and Personal Care Aides25,51027,93031,99032,03032,98030,23031,09033,68035,74036,56011,05043%
Nursing Assistants6,5206,6206,8706,1906,2005,6204,9804,9304,4404,460-2,060-32%
All Direct Care Workers32,03034,55038,86038,22039,18035,85036,07038,61040,18041,0208,99028%
New YorkHome Health and Personal Care Aides288,770312,770330,660360,220390,880444,880469,370478,620504,160566,160277,39096%
Nursing Assistants101,03098,50098,04094,98091,40085,09081,44085,49080,10084,550-16,480-16%
All Direct Care Workers389,800411,270428,700455,200482,280529,970550,810564,110584,260650,710260,91067%
North CarolinaHome Health and Personal Care Aides63,65063,39061,45059,34060,21062,31062,70056,69058,80059,000-4,650-7%
Nursing Assistants52,08055,40062,12062,82063,01056,78053,90055,94054,26056,3904,3108%
All Direct Care Workers115,730118,790123,570122,160123,220119,090116,600112,630113,060115,390-3400%
North DakotaHome Health and Personal Care Aides4,7605,3306,3606,4206,6406,1406,2106,2406,6306,7201,96041%
Nursing Assistants6,7207,0606,8707,3107,0808,0207,9307,7907,3508,6301,91028%
All Direct Care Workers11,48012,39013,23013,73013,72014,16014,14014,03013,98015,3503,87034%
OhioHome Health and Personal Care Aides86,57086,77092,23094,31098,08094,87091,91095,12091,18091,8905,3206%
Nursing Assistants69,61067,90066,80066,16065,86064,36063,29058,83058,77061,410-8,200-12%
All Direct Care Workers156,180154,670159,030160,470163,940159,230155,200153,950149,950153,300-2,880-2%
OklahomaHome Health and Personal Care Aides19,74019,69019,94020,23020,70018,20018,56016,87016,71019,320-420-2%
Nursing Assistants18,45017,88016,91016,90017,12018,25019,93016,92016,36017,440-1,010-5%
All Direct Care Workers38,19037,57036,85037,13037,82036,45038,49033,79033,07036,760-1,430-4%
OregonHome Health and Personal Care Aides22,48024,74025,23025,93038,82030,58032,12035,39032,17033,06010,58047%
Nursing Assistants11,39011,89012,48012,80012,88012,26012,32012,46012,45013,6602,27020%
All Direct Care Workers33,87036,63037,71038,73051,70042,84044,44047,85044,62046,72012,85038%
PennsylvaniaHome Health and Personal Care Aides116,230124,930134,930144,720158,240183,430197,570193,460193,930213,02096,79083%
Nursing Assistants75,69072,68076,30075,02076,26075,09071,88068,18066,80065,220-10,470-14%
All Direct Care Workers191,920197,610211,230219,740234,500258,520269,450261,640260,730278,24086,32045%
Rhode IslandHome Health and Personal Care Aides7,5207,2206,8604,9707,0207,3106,9708,3007,5708,0405207%
Nursing Assistants9,1909,2509,9909,95010,2009,3009,1108,3208,7308,370-820-9%
All Direct Care Workers16,71016,47016,85014,92017,22016,61016,08016,62016,30016,410-300-2%
South CarolinaHome Health and Personal Care Aides20,80023,02024,15025,44027,64029,51028,35030,44029,21031,75010,95053%
Nursing Assistants18,82018,40020,85020,73020,95019,38017,71015,90018,74020,0401,2206%
All Direct Care Workers39,62041,42045,00046,17048,59048,89046,06046,34047,95051,79012,17031%
South DakotaHome Health and Personal Care Aides2,7002,9603,2903,6103,6703,5503,1003,2603,8303,7701,07040%
Nursing Assistants6,3706,2005,8605,9406,0105,9906,1506,5905,9405,880-490-8%
All Direct Care Workers9,0709,1609,1509,5509,6809,5409,2509,8509,7709,6505806%
TennesseeHome Health and Personal Care Aides25,18024,32023,10025,89025,85027,38026,56029,09027,66032,9207,74031%
Nursing Assistants28,89029,67030,49029,60028,34029,20028,73026,72024,94023,150-5,740-20%
All Direct Care Workers54,07053,99053,59055,49054,19056,58055,29055,81052,60056,0702,0004%
TexasHome Health and Personal Care Aides45,930250,640255,970273,160275,840300,820309,540306,410306,320312,420266,490580%
Nursing Assistants85,13082,66087,93088,50087,75080,11075,69071,70081,17084,960-1700%
All Direct Care Workers131,060333,300343,900361,660363,590380,930385,230378,110387,490397,380266,320203%
UtahHome Health and Personal Care Aides8,4009,66010,67013,41013,60014,08014,74015,44013,21013,1204,72056%
Nursing Assistants10,08010,6809,7909,85010,68011,76012,05012,36012,40011,9301,85018%
All Direct Care Workers18,48020,34020,46023,26024,28025,84026,79027,80025,61025,0506,57036%
VermontHome Health and Personal Care Aides4505307,2207,0107,3107,2307,2605,3706,9307,5007,0501567%
Nursing Assistants3,3603,4603,2903,2903,0402,9402,4602,6202,9102,920-440-13%
All Direct Care Workers3,8103,99010,51010,30010,35010,1709,7207,9909,84010,4206,610173%
VirginiaHome Health and Personal Care Aides45,97047,66052,54050,76048,73049,42053,19055,15058,67060,20014,23031%
Nursing Assistants35,69035,79037,17039,01039,32041,14041,56036,43036,83039,7504,06011%
All Direct Care Workers81,66083,45089,71089,77088,05090,56094,75091,58095,50099,95018,29022%
WashingtonHome Health and Personal Care Aides33,69033,25033,60058,44056,35061,47058,00062,89097,73079,08045,390135%
Nursing Assistants23,81024,92026,53029,91032,69034,20034,42026,05028,27036,82013,01055%
All Direct Care Workers57,50058,17060,13088,35089,04095,67092,42088,940126,000115,90058,400102%
West VirginiaHome Health and Personal Care Aides17,93016,97014,57015,54014,51015,08015,40015,68017,19019,7901,86010%
Nursing Assistants6,8706,8107,5807,9008,3307,8307,3507,3108,2908,7201,85027%
All Direct Care Workers24,80023,78022,15023,44022,84022,91022,75022,99025,48028,5103,71015%
WisconsinHome Health and Personal Care Aides60,90064,40064,63065,94068,87072,06072,79072,98076,26074,96014,06023%
Nursing Assistants35,45033,34032,38033,23032,31030,88030,46030,09026,69025,950-9,500-27%
All Direct Care Workers96,35097,74097,01099,170101,180102,940103,250103,070102,950100,9104,5605%
WyomingHome Health and Personal Care Aides2,3302,4002,7703,2803,0503,4403,6703,4703,1403,28095041%
Nursing Assistants3,0003,3402,9903,0703,3103,2002,8102,8202,6202,580-420-14%
All Direct Care Workers5,3305,7405,7606,3506,3606,6406,4806,2905,7605,86053010%
Showing 1 to 153 of 153 entries
Methodology, data source & limitations

Suggested Citation

PHI. “Workforce Data Center.” Last modified September 2024. https://phinational.org/policy-research/workforce-data-center/.

Data Source

Employment trends were sourced from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program May 2014 to May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates.

Methodology

The direct care workforce comprises personal care aides, home health aides, and nursing assistants. Direct care worker occupational categories are defined by the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) at the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Workers are classified based on their on-the-job responsibilities, skills, education, and training. Occupation definitions can be found at: http://www.bls.gov/soc.

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Direct Care Worker Employment, 2014 to 2023

Industry2014201520162017201820192020202120222023Growth% Growth
Home Care1,353,3401,465,4701,574,7802,126,3702,259,5702,384,1302,418,2902,605,3702,778,1302,927,0201,573,680116%
Residential Care Homes607,880628,550641,630656,180668,730674,710674,790647,500635,710655,95048,0708%
Nursing Homes616,550612,120602,630594,460581,140566,240527,480471,160447,940458,590-157,960-26%
All Direct Care Workers3,483,8203,610,4303,749,7004,310,2404,460,5804,581,4204,582,6404,681,3104,814,3205,041,1101,557,29045%
Showing 1 to 4 of 4 entries
Methodology, data source & limitations

Notes

Other industries employing direct care workers include hospitals, employment and vocational rehabilitation services, and others.

Suggested Citation

PHI. “Workforce Data Center.” Last modified September 2024. https://phinational.org/policy-research/workforce-data-center/.

Data Source

Employment trends were sourced from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program May 2014 to May 2023 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates.

Methodology

The direct care workforce comprises personal care aides, home health aides, and nursing assistants. Direct care worker occupational categories are defined by the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) at the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Workers are classified based on their on-the-job responsibilities, skills, education, and training. Occupation definitions can be found at: http://www.bls.gov/soc.

Industries are defined by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). “Home Care” includes all direct care workers who are employed in two industries: (1) Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities and (2) Home Health Care Services. “Residential Care Homes” comprise all direct care workers employed in two industries: (1) Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities and (2) Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly. “Nursing Homes” include nursing assistants employed in the Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Homes) industry. “Total” includes all industries where direct care workers are employed. Industry definitions can be found at http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.

For more information on this data or our methodology, please contact Kezia Scales at KScales@phinational.org.